윤진섭(국제미술평론가협회 부회장/호남대 교수)
Ⅰ.
미국을 소재로 한 또 하나의 작품은 하얀 분사물을 내뿜으며 ‘자유의 여신상’을 들이받는 황소를 묘사한 작품(
Ⅱ. 첸 웬링은 중국의 오랜 역사와 문화적 전통에서 소재를 끌어오고 있다. 그의 작품에 빈번히 등장하는 돼지, 소, 물고기는 물론, 매화나 산수와 같은 소재들은 서유기(西遊記)를 비롯하여 <山海經>과 같은 고전이나 중국의 전통회화에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 것들이다. 그의 작품에 등장하는 인물들의 표정은 기이하게 일그러져 있으며, 때론 희극적이기 조차 하다. 뿐만 아니라 그가 다루는 동물들 역시 <산해경>에 등장하는 것처럼 반인반수(半人半獸)인 경우가 많다. 즉, 반은 사람이고 반은 물고기라든지 반은 사람이고 반은 짐승인 경우가 허다하다. 가령, <환상적 이미지(Fantastic Image)>(185x99x86cm, 브론즈, 2006)는 두 다리로 버티고 서 있는 남자를 묘사한 작품인데, 몸통과 얼굴이 붙어있는 기이한 모습은 <산해경>에 나오는 이상한 동물을 연상시킨다. 이처럼 현실을 초월한 세계는 <멋진 차와 예쁜 소녀(Handsome Car and Pretty Girl)>(220x390x210cm, Painted Fiberglass, 2008)에 등장하는 인간과 동물의 얼굴을 결합한 괴상한 차의 모습이나, <낭만적 여행(Romantic Journey)>(73x35x26cm, 청동, 2005)에 나오는 몸은 가슴이 풍만한 여자이나 머리는 물고기인 기이한 모습으로 표현되고 있다.
오성홍기(五星紅旗)에서 보듯이 붉은 색은 가장 중국적인 색으로 간주된다. 장이머(張藝謀) 감독의 <붉은 수수밭>에서 보듯이, 외국인의 눈에 중국은 곧 붉은 색이라 해도 과언이 아니다. 중국인에게 있어서 붉은 색은 가장 강하게 민족적 아이덴티티를 드러낼 수 있는 색이며 ‘중화(中華)’의 정신을 가장 잘 표현할 수 있는 색으로 간주된다. 이는 첸 웬링의 경우도 다르지 않다. 그 역시 많은 현대 미술가들이 그렇듯이 드러내 놓고 붉은 색을 사용한다.
<붉은 추억(Red Memory)> 시리즈는 첸 웬링의 자전적 작품이자 중국의 상징인 붉은 색에 중국인 특유의 낙천적인 웃음을 결합한 대표적인 조각이다. 벌거벗은 소년들의 천진한 모습을 보여주는 이 시리즈는 첸 웬링의 유년기의 추억에서 유래한다. 시골 마을의 몰락한 지주계급 출신인 첸은 어렸을 적 냇가에서 물고기를 잡거나 새집을 찾거나 친구들과 물싸움을 하며 자연에서 뛰놀던 정겨운 추억을 간직하고 있다. 그러나 유년시절의 말더듬 증세는 친구들의 놀림감이 되었고, 그러한 경멸과 놀림은 급기야 마음속에 분노를 쌓는 기제가 되었다. 분노로부터 탈출할 수 있는 유일한 길은 모래에 그림(graffiti)을 그리거나 흙으로 인형을 빚는 일이었다. 그는 행복감에 젖어 그 일을 했고, 예술은 점차 굳게 닫힌 마음의 문을 열어주었다. 분노와 함께 저하된 자존심에서 벗어나고자 하는 노력의 산물인 첸의 예술은 그렇게 서서히 그에게 다가왔던 것이다.
Ⅲ. 자세히 보면 첸 웬링의 어떤 작품들-예컨대
컨셉추얼 아트와 뉴미디어 아트, 설치미술, 퍼포먼스 등 다양한 매체와 장르를 활용하여 작업을 풀어가는 첸 웬링은 매번 색다른 작업을 시도한다. 소재와 제재(題材)는 물론이고 재료와 기법에 이르기까지 다양성은 첸 웬링 작업의 기초를 이룬다. 작은 스케치 북을 가지고 다니는 그는 호기심을 끄는 장면이나 사물이 있으면 늘 메모나 드로잉을 한다.
핀갤러리에서 열린 첸 웬링의 이번 개인전에 각별히 눈길을 끄는 작품이 있었다. 친구의 고향에 놀러갔다가 우연히 발견한 폐선(廢船)을 해체하여 그 부품들로 설치작품을 만든 것이다. 첸은 낡고 녹슨 배의 기관을 중심으로 각종 부품들을 구불구불 연결하여 하나의 거대한 설치작품을 만들었는데, 그것은 매화나무를 연상시켰다. 그 긴 가지 끝에 쇠로 만든 상어 한 마리가 매달려 있었다. 그것이 내 눈에는 마치 벽에 아름다운 그림자를 드리운 상어가 매화나무를 토해내는 것과 같은 착각을 불러일으켰다. 첸 웬링에게 전통이 살아있었던 것이다.
Dialogue between Wonil Rhee and Wenling Chen
? Date: Sep 4, 2009
Won-il Rhee:
You started to produce “Red Boy” series in the late 1990s, followed by “Happy Life”,
“Valiant Struggle”,“China Scene”, “God of Materialism”, and for now you take inspirations from the Wall Street golden bull and Bernard Madoff. All these animals symbolizes some qualities of mankind. What impels you continuously to change along your road?
Wenling Chen:
The various animal images appeared in my works serve as symbols or metaphors of some human mental condition in consumption times, such as expansion, inflation, violence, desire, greed, and alienation. The “Red Boy” series is created when I was in my hometown Xianmen, which is a comparatively closed environment.
As a mirror of my childhood, this series reflected my genuine qualities in my childhood, represented my sentimental attachment to my childhood, and became the turning point of my art career. It was the “Red Boy” that took me to the track of contemporary art.
Won-il Rhee:
I noticed a huge red photography work concerning a pig head feast in your studio. Does this sort of local culture have a great impact on your “Happy Life” and “Valiant Struggle” series?
Wenling Chen:
I do acknowledge the influence that grass-root folklore had on me, however, I’m still not a regionalism artist. I always believe that over-emphasizing nationalism is narrow nationalism. Extreme nationalization and extreme westernization are the two trends which will result in difficulty in reading and reduction of audience. I strive to mingle nationality, internationality, popularity, and elitism into my works, in order to provide a kind of spiritual demand and reading possibility for more people.
Won-il Rhee:
I find you are making larger-sized works in the recent years, inputting enormous manpower and material resources. How do you think of this?
Wenling Chen:
I never think size is the decisive criteria for evaluating an artwork. Actually I’m obsessed with a kind of aura diffused by artwork, which cannot be explained in words. You can sense the aura only on site, while looking at pictures is entirely another matter. I hope my works can arouse people’s thinking as well as visual sense, more than a topic or a story. China has a long-standing tradition stressing the beauty of breadth, for instance, Chinese grottoes, mausoleums, Forbidden City, Great Wall and so on.
Your question reminds me that many Western artists make much larger artworks than that of mine, including earth artists and device artists.
I believe elephants have their own reasons to be big, while butterflies have their own reasons to be small, allowing no explanation.
Won-il Rhee:
You are very brave to mention China’s beauty of breadth and large population on vast land,
and these topics are very sensitive to nations outside China. A number of Chinese contemporary artists are producing larger and larger artworks as a kind of fashion.
Don’t you believe small things have power?
Wenling Chen:
I believe in big power as well as small power. Indian artists Anish Kapoor and Subodh Gupta have made much larger artwork. Italian artist Maurizo Cattelan have made much smaller artworks. However, they are all first-rate artists. Large or small only relates to the artistic temperament of an artist, rather than international politics, economics, military affairs, or hegemonism. It does not belong to the threat theory, so there is no need to be too sensitive about that. Large and small have their independent value in aesthetics.
Take Borofsky’s sculpture ‘Walking to the Sky’ at Kassel Documenta as an example,
the inclined steel pipe was as small as a chopstick , it must be a failure. Another example, if the Italian artist Cattelan’s kneeling Hitler is not much smaller than are all person, but made into a 20meters high city sculpture, it would be a failure too. Sense of space of art works gives off different aura and visual glamour. I think large or small should serve the thought and concept of an artwork. Anyway, I would like to thank you for your question. I have confidence to challenge myself with excellent small artworks in future.
Won-il Rhee:
I appreciate the focus on external explosiveness and inner impact. Later on, you can gradually search into those tiny but culturally rich artworks in your heart, and discuss the overall cultural issues through your artwork.
Some of your artworks in your solo exhibition are quite large, some very small, while, large and small make a harmonious match. The large work rushes towards the wall, and another seems to struggle out of the wall, therefore, it creates an ingenious association.
Wenling Chen:
The most distinctive feature of the two artworks is that they abolish the sense of gravity created by traditional sculpture which should stand vertically against ground. They take the wall as the weighted plane directly. Such a manner presents dangerous and terrifying feelings. Besides, I obtained many inspirations through device art and conceptual art, to transfer traditional sculpture language into contemporary sculpture features. I do not support the evaluation criteria of artwork from the perspective of art taxonomy; however, I firmly believe that great artwork can be produced with any art media. Easel painting and sculpture will remain alive, depending on how to produce them.
Won-il Rhee:
Several of your series works revealed the unbalanced relationship between material and spirit in consumerism times.
Wenling Chen:
All the innovations of my form language and methodology are in consistent with the theme concept. I would never be an artist who creates form only for form’s sake.
Today the mainstream value is quite different from that of Axis Era two thousand years ago when integral humanity was respected.
After stepping into the industrial era, the so-called “powerful” countries, for instance, the US , UK , Germany, Japan , are powerful in material and economic aspects,
and are characterized with expansionism and exploitation.
They have been seeking the material world day and night.
They also set up the standard of the world's mainstream value, which all the other countries must obey and follow, otherwise they might suffer beating or bullying.
This is also true to military affairs. Real “denuclearization” and “military mutual trust” put forward by Obama could hardly be realized.
At least it can not be accepted by King Jong. That is to say, science is far more developed than humanities. If some politicians were crazy, the world would have been bombed several times. The world is lacking in sense of security.
I feel it is a kind of material and spiritual unbalanced or weightless relationship.
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